4.相关信息
有时,一个单词或词组的含义需要从上下文的相关信息来判断。上下文的相关信息越多越详细,就越容易准确地判断词义。例如:
Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely.Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger than they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees”, says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the Universi?鄄ty of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture.If they don’t,we should drop them and move to something else.”
问题:
The word perfectionists(para.3,Line 1)refers to those who ________.
A) demand others to get everything absolutely right
B)know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances
C)pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives
D)are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do
解析
答案是C。文章在第三段第二句话中提到“perfectionists(完美主义者)”一词,我们可以通过文章的上下文,判断出该词的含义。文章在第三段第二句话提到该词后,立即指出了完美主义者的行为,即“在小事情上下工夫,而付出的代价远远超过了他们所从事的工作的价值。”与C项对该词的解释正好相符。第一句“pay too much attention to detail”,也提供了对C项的佐证。
四、推断题
推断题要求学生具有根据已知信息进行推理和判断的能力。这类题从文章中找不到正确答案,需要读者从字里行间去体会作者的意图,因此难度较大。要正确解答此类题型,考生必须从作者明确叙述的观点和事实出发,推断作者的真正意图。
在生活中我们时时刻刻都会遇到推理和判断,无论是阅读还是交谈,我们都在不停地推理和判断。例如,你正要出门,你的同伴对你说:“好象要下雨!”从他的话中你可以推断出他是在提醒你带把伞,或是改个时间出去。
阅读文章进行的推理常常要比生活中的例子复杂得多,但也一定是建立在以下步骤的基础上:
1.对文章字面文字的正确理解。
2.根据上下文、常识和专业知识,对字面意思在具体环境中的含义做出正确理解。